Virtual Network Functions (VNF) What are Virtual Network Functions (VNF)? Virtual Network Functions (VNF) are software-based solutions that perform network functions traditionally handled by hardware, such as firewalls, load balancers, and routers. Explanation VNFs run on virtualised environments, offering flexibility, scalability, and cost efficiency compared to hardware solutions. They are a core component of Network Function Virtualisation (NFV). Practical Example of VNF A telecom provider uses VNFs to deploy virtual firewalls and routers, reducing hardware costs while maintaining network performance.